The set of findings indicates that orthotopic transplantation provides the microenvironment critical for cell interactions involved in the development of cancer and subsequent metastasis. Differently, frozen tumor cells induced tumor development only 14 days after the inoculation while presenting expression of distinct interleukins. Type 1 T helper cytokine levels (IL-1β and IL-17) were significantly higher than anti-inflammatory Type 2 T helper (IL-4) after inoculation of fresh tumor cells. From the inoculation site the tumor invaded the host mammary gland structures, the dermis and endomysium of skeletal muscle tissue. The inoculation of fresh Ehrlich tumor cells led to a detectable tumor as early as 24 hours later after 7 days, mammary, muscular, dermal vascular and lymphatic invasion were observed and also micrometastases in mammary adipose tissue, sentinel lymph node and contralateral lymph node. We aimed to establish an optimal orthotopic cancer model for breast cancer in the immunocompetent Swiss mouse, describing the detailed microanatomy of the mammary glands, the sentinel lymph node and lymphatic mapping, evaluating histopathological changes and characterizing the tumor by computed microtomography and interleukins expression. To understand the fundamental mechanisms behind malignancy of breast tumors and also contribute to the discovery of improved methods for prevention, diagnosis and treatment, animal cancer models remain essential.
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